When addressing chemical methods, the main component is usually spermicide (which has numerous forms and types).

How it works: Contraceptive foams, creams, jellies, and suppositories contain spermicides, which are chemicals that immobilize sperm and prevent them from joining with an egg. They are inserted deep within the vagina shortly before intercourse. They are used to increase the effectiveness of other methods such as the condom. These products should not be relied on alone to prevent pregnancy.

Effectiveness (Failure rate): 6%-26%. Of 100 women who use spermicides, 26 will become pregnant during the first year of typical use. 6 will become pregnant with perfect use.

Contraindications: Allergic reaction to spermicidal products, strong desire to avoid pregnancy (failure rates are high)

Possible side effects, risks, and considerations:

• Spermicides have high failure rates when used alone
• Some women find them messy
• Some women and men may develop allergic reactions to the products
• People who enjoy oral sex may object to the taste of contraceptive foam

Benefits:

• Sold over the counter and does not require medical supervision
• Inexpensive and easy to use
• Offers some protection against non-viral STDs
• Does not affect a woman’s hormonal balance
• Immediately effective and reversable

  How to get it: Spermicides are available over the counter at most drug stores. The SHPRC also provides spermicides at a reduced cost.

  Costs: Single applicators of foams, creams, and jellies typically cost about $1 per application.

  Final note: As mentioned in the section on the male condom, there has been research that shows that spermicide actually increases the transmission of viral STDs such as herpes, HPV, and HIV. This is an important aspect to consider when choosing a contraception method, and clearly if you need both pregnancy protection and STD protection, spermicide may not be the correct choice for you.